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Confirmed root cause: this hardware's S3 (deep) firmware path triggers a
fatal wake-from-suspend hang only on linux-hardened. INIT_ON_FREE + slab
hardening + tighter locking turn a latent driver race that stock linux
gets away with into an unrecoverable panic so early the journal isn't
even flushed. mem_sleep_default=s2idle bypasses the BIOS S3 path
entirely (s0ix is a pure-kernel low-power state) and suspends/resumes
reliably under hardened.
This is a widespread Lenovo S3 firmware issue across post-2018
ThinkPads (see Ubuntu T560, X1C9/10/11 reports). Lenovo themselves
moved newer firmwares to s2idle-only. Not a linux-hardened bug per se;
just hardened being a strict enough kernel to make the bug fatal.
Keep:
* mem_sleep_default=s2idle in etc/kernel/cmdline-linux-hardened.tmpl
(only the hardened UKI; stock linux keeps unchanged shared cmdline)
Revert (all the diagnostic / speculative scaffolding from the last
few commits):
* MODULES=(intel_lpss_pci) → MODULES=() — Arch wiki touchpad fix was
not the cause here
* nmi_watchdog=panic softlockup_panic=1 panic=10 — only needed to
auto-reboot during diagnosis
* no_console_suspend — diagnostic-only
* etc/systemd/logind.conf.d/20-no-suspend.conf — masking workaround
* sleep-target masking block in run_onchange_after_deploy-etc.sh.tmpl,
replaced with a one-shot cleanup that removes any leftover
/dev/null symlinks from systems that ran the previous version
* systemd-pstore.service from systemd-units/system.txt — added only to
catch the diagnostic panic
* diagnose-suspend.sh helper (and its .gitignore/.chezmoiignore entries)
* sway suspend → lock-session keybind workaround
* power-menu.sh Suspend entry restoration
* KEYBINDS.md docs
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Previous attempt (early-loading intel_lpss_pci) did not fix the wake-from-suspend
panic on linux-hardened. The journal of the failed boot ends cleanly at the
last sync with no panic, oops, or even 'PM: suspend entry' message — the kernel
dies so fast nothing is flushed, even with panic=10 + watchdog knobs.
Three changes to make progress:
* mem_sleep_default=s2idle: switch S3 'deep' (broken firmware path on Coffee
Lake ThinkPads) to s2idle / s0ix. Many Lenovo machines only suspend reliably
via s2idle; the stock linux kernel may be masking the issue elsewhere.
* no_console_suspend: keep console alive across the suspend/resume cycle so
the panic actually prints somewhere visible, instead of being eaten when
the framebuffer goes dark.
* systemd-pstore.service: archive /sys/fs/pstore/* to /var/lib/systemd/pstore/
on every boot, so the next panic (if EFI variables capture it) survives.
Drop 'quiet' from hardened cmdline so console messages are visible.
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Symptoms (Intel CPU + linux-hardened + blinking caps lock + hard
hang on resume from S3) are a direct match for the Arch wiki entry:
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Power_management/Suspend_and_hibernate#Touchpad_causes_a_kernel_panic_on_resume
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=231881
When intel_lpss_pci is loaded late (via udev after userspace is up),
the touchpad/I2C controller it parents can be torn down by suspend
before the module's resume callback is registered, leading to a
NULL-deref panic during resume. The kernel never makes it far enough
to flush logs — which matches our 'PM: suspend entry (deep)' being
the last journal line.
Fix: load intel_lpss_pci from the initramfs so it's available before
the suspend/resume code path runs.
Why this only bites linux-hardened: the hardening config enables
INIT_ON_FREE, slab freelist hardening, page poisoning, and stricter
pointer validation, which turn what's a silent UAF on stock linux
into an immediate panic on hardened. Stock 'just works' by accident.
Also drop the speculative init_on_free=0 from the hardened cmdline
now that we have a targeted hypothesis. Keep nmi_watchdog=panic +
softlockup_panic=1 + panic=10 as belt-and-braces: if this fix is
wrong, the next hang will auto-reboot with a usable panic log in
'journalctl -b -1 -k' instead of needing the power button again.
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Split the hardened UKI cmdline off the shared etc/kernel/cmdline.tmpl
so we can carry workarounds without poking the stock linux build.
Daily-driving linux-hardened on this hardware has reliably hung on
resume from S3: black screen, blinking caps-lock + power LED, only
the power button helps. The kernel journal stops at 'PM: suspend
entry (deep)' with nothing after, so the freeze is below the level
where logs can flush — characteristic of a hard hang inside a device
driver's suspend/resume callback rather than a userspace bug.
linux-hardened defaults init_on_free=1, which zeroes pages on free.
On Intel + iwlwifi/i915/nvme stacks this routinely surfaces latent
UAFs as suspend hangs that are invisible on stock linux. Drop that
knob to 0 for the hardened cmdline as the working hypothesis.
Add nmi_watchdog=panic, softlockup_panic=1, panic=10 so if the next
attempt still wedges, a stuck CPU self-panics and auto-reboots
within ~10s, giving us a 'journalctl -b -1 -k' trace to look at
instead of having to force-power-off blindly.
Stock linux is untouched.
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sommerfeld